|
|
Weakly Delayed Systems of Linear Discrete Equations in R^3
Šafařík, Jan ; Khusainov, Denys (oponent) ; Růžičková, Miroslava (oponent) ; Diblík, Josef (vedoucí práce)
The present thesis deals with the construction of a general solution of weakly delayed systems of linear discrete equations in ${\mathbb R}^3$ of the form \begin{equation*} x(k+1)=Ax(k)+Bx(k-m) \end{equation*} where $m>0$ is a positive integer, $x\colon \bZ_{-m}^{\infty}\to\bR^3$, $\bZ_{-m}^{\infty} := \{-m, -m+1, \dots, \infty\}$, $k\in\bZ_0^{\infty}$, $A=(a_{ij})$ and $B=(b_{ij})$ are constant $3\times 3$ matrices. The characteristic equations of weakly delayed systems are identical with those of the same systems but without delayed terms. The criteria ensuring that a system is weakly delayed are developed and then specified for every possible case of the Jordan form of matrix $A$. The system is solved by transforming it into a higher-dimensional system but without delays \begin{equation*} y(k+1)=\mathcal{A}y(k), \end{equation*} where ${\mathrm{dim}}\ y = 3(m+1)$. Using methods of linear algebra, it is possible to find the Jordan forms of $\mathcal{A}$ depending on the eigenvalues of matrices $A$ and $B$. Therefore, general the solution of the new system can be found and, consequently, the general solution of the initial system deduced.
|
|
|
Weakly Delayed Linear Planar Systems of Discrete Equations
Halfarová, Hana ; Růžičková, Miroslava (oponent) ; Khusainov, Denys (oponent) ; Diblík, Josef (vedoucí práce)
The present thesis deals with planar weakly delayed linear discrete systems. The characteristic equations of weakly delayed systems are identical with those of the same systems but without delayed terms. In this case, after several steps, the space of solutions with a given starting dimension is pasted into a space with a dimension less than the starting one. In a sense, this situation is analogous to one known in the theory of linear differential systems with constant coefficients and special delays when the initially infinite dimensional space of solutions on the initial interval turns (after several steps) into a finite dimensional set of solutions. For every possible case, explicit general solutions are constructed and, finally, results on the dimensionality of the space of solutions are obtained. The stability of solutions is investigated as well.
|
|
| |
|
|
Asymptotic Properties of Solutions of the Second-Order Discrete Emden-Fowler Equation
Korobko, Evgeniya ; Galewski, Marek (oponent) ; Růžičková, Miroslava (oponent) ; Diblík, Josef (vedoucí práce)
In the literature a differential second--order nonlinear Emden--Fowler equation $$ y'' \pm x^\alpha y^m = 0, $$ where $\alpha$ and $m$ are constants, is often investigated. This thesis deals with a discrete equivalent of the second--order Emden-Fowler differential equation $$ \Delta^2 u(k) \pm k^\alpha u^m(k) = 0, $$ where $k\in \mathbb{N}(k_0):= \{k_0, k_0+1, ....\}$ is an independent variable, $k_0$ is an integer and $u \colon \mathbb{N}(k_0) \to \mathbb{R}$ is an unknown solution. In this equation, $\Delta^2u(k)=\Delta(\Delta u(k))$, $\Delta u(k)$ is the the first-order forward difference of $u(k)$, i.e., $\Delta u(k) = u(k+1)-u(k)$, and $\Delta^2 (k)$ is its second--order forward difference, i.e., $\Delta^2u(k) = u(k+2)-2u(k+1)+u(k)$, $\alpha$, $m$ are real numbers. The asymptotic behaviour of the solutions to this equation is discussed and the conditions are found such that there exists a power-type asymptotic: $u(k) \sim {1}/{k^s}$, where $s$ is some constant. We also discuss a discrete analogy of so-called ``blow-up'' solutions in the classical theory of differential equations, i.e., the solutions for which there exists a point $x^*$ such that $\lim_{x \to x^*} y(x) = \infty$, where $y(x)$ is a solution of the Emden-Fowler differential equation $$ y''(x) = y^s(x), $$ with $s \ne 1$ being a real number. The results obtained are compared to those already known and illustrated with examples.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Weakly Delayed Systems of Linear Discrete Equations in R^3
Šafařík, Jan ; Khusainov, Denys (oponent) ; Růžičková, Miroslava (oponent) ; Diblík, Josef (vedoucí práce)
The present thesis deals with the construction of a general solution of weakly delayed systems of linear discrete equations in ${\mathbb R}^3$ of the form \begin{equation*} x(k+1)=Ax(k)+Bx(k-m) \end{equation*} where $m>0$ is a positive integer, $x\colon \bZ_{-m}^{\infty}\to\bR^3$, $\bZ_{-m}^{\infty} := \{-m, -m+1, \dots, \infty\}$, $k\in\bZ_0^{\infty}$, $A=(a_{ij})$ and $B=(b_{ij})$ are constant $3\times 3$ matrices. The characteristic equations of weakly delayed systems are identical with those of the same systems but without delayed terms. The criteria ensuring that a system is weakly delayed are developed and then specified for every possible case of the Jordan form of matrix $A$. The system is solved by transforming it into a higher-dimensional system but without delays \begin{equation*} y(k+1)=\mathcal{A}y(k), \end{equation*} where ${\mathrm{dim}}\ y = 3(m+1)$. Using methods of linear algebra, it is possible to find the Jordan forms of $\mathcal{A}$ depending on the eigenvalues of matrices $A$ and $B$. Therefore, general the solution of the new system can be found and, consequently, the general solution of the initial system deduced.
|
|
|
Weakly Delayed Linear Planar Systems of Discrete Equations
Halfarová, Hana ; Růžičková, Miroslava (oponent) ; Khusainov, Denys (oponent) ; Diblík, Josef (vedoucí práce)
The present thesis deals with planar weakly delayed linear discrete systems. The characteristic equations of weakly delayed systems are identical with those of the same systems but without delayed terms. In this case, after several steps, the space of solutions with a given starting dimension is pasted into a space with a dimension less than the starting one. In a sense, this situation is analogous to one known in the theory of linear differential systems with constant coefficients and special delays when the initially infinite dimensional space of solutions on the initial interval turns (after several steps) into a finite dimensional set of solutions. For every possible case, explicit general solutions are constructed and, finally, results on the dimensionality of the space of solutions are obtained. The stability of solutions is investigated as well.
|
host ::
RSS.